Average consumption by 80 inhabitants per minute (specifically per cycle, but one cycle is about one minute on most machines), from Charlie ( http://www.anno-zone.de/Charlie/index.html ). Values do not vary according to tax level:

Population Consumption
Population Type Food Cloth Liquor Spices Tobacco Products Cocoa Clothes Jewelry
Pioneers 0.95 *** *** - - - - -
Settlers 0.95 0.45 0.35 *** *** - - -
Citizens 0.95 0.5 0.45 0.35 0.35 *** - -
Merchants 0.95 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.45 0.5 *** ***
Aristocrats 0.95 - 0.55 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.35 0.1

*** = Small volume (1 unit) required to upgrade housing only.

WGaryB attempted to determine the consumption among 1000 Aristocrats per hour, based on an 8 hour period:

Consumption by Aristocrats (per 1000 population per hour)
Good Consumption
Food 700t
Tobacco 330t
Spice 330t
Cocoa 330t
Alcohol 412t
Clothing 247t
Jewellery 83t

Guardian repeated this for 1000 Aristocrats, giving figures per cycle (60 seconds):

Consumption by Aristocrats (per 1000 population per minute)
Good Consumption
Food 12.0t
Tobacco 5.6t
Spice 5.6t
Cocoa 5.6t
Alcohol 7.0t
Cloths 4.4t
Jewellery 1.4t

The next list is often attributed to Shark_Dus, although seems to be based on Charlie's lists (the one above and a later appendices). It shows the maximum number of inhabitants each single industry can supply. 'Combine' values are for 2 farms and 1 processing building, except for the Grain Combine, which is 4 farms, 2 Windmills, and a Bakery.

Population per Industry
Industry Max Population
Fisher's Hut 63
Hunter's Hut 168
Weaver 283
Sheep Combine 283
Butcher 202
Cattle Combine 193
Tobacco Production 355
Tobacco Combine 337
Spice Plantation 248
Winery 167
Rum Distillery 363
Rum Combine 334
Bakery 252
Grain Combine 252
Cocoa Plantation 248
Weaving Mill 501
Cotton Combine 450
Taylor Shop 457
Goldsmith 1000