The diagram below shows essential production links. It excludes links via Market place and Warehouses, which may be used in most cases to hold over-stocked product. The diagram is based on that found in the manual.

Food

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                   ,-> Windmill --.
Grain farm -[Corn]-:              :-[Flour]-> Bakery -[Food]-.
                   '-> Watermill -'                          |
                                                             |
Cattle farm ----[Cattle]-----> Butcher -----[Food]-----.     |
                                                       |     |
Fisher's hut -------------[Food]------------------.    |     |
                                                  v    v     v
Hunter's lodge -----------[Food]--------------> Market place/Warehouse

Trade/Consumer Related

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Cotton plantation--.                                     ,-> Taylor --.
                   :-[Wool]->; Weaving hut/mill -[Cloth]-:            |
Sheep farm --------'                                     '-------. [Clothes]
                                                                 |    |
Sugarcane plantation -[Sugarcane]-> Rum distillery -[Liquor]--.  |    |
                                                              |  |  ,-'
Tobacco plantation -[Tobacco]-> Tobacco production -.         |  |  |
                                                    |         |  |  |
Winery -----------[Liquor]------->----.    [Tobacco products] |  |  |
                                      :-.           |         |  |  |
Spice farm ---------[Spices]------>---' |           v         v  v  v
                                        :--------> Market place/Warehouse
Cocoa plantation -----[Cocoa]------>----'

Ore Related

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                                                 ,-> Swordmaker -[Swords]-.
(Deep) Iron mine -[Ore]-.                        |                        |
                        :-> Ore refinery -[Iron]-o-> Toolmaker -[Tools]-. |
                        ^                        |                      | |
                        |         ,------->-----]|[---.                 | |
Foresters lodge -[Wood]-o-->------:              |    |                 | |
                        |         |              v    |                 | |
                        |         v              |    v                 | |
                        v    ,- Cannon foundry <-'-> Gunsmith -.        | |
                        |    |                                 |        | |
                        | [Cannons]                        [Muskets]    | |
                        |    |                                 |        | |
                        |    v                                 v        v v
                        |    :----------------------> Market place/Warehouse
                        '-->-'                          ^ ^
                                                        | |
Gold mine ------[Gold]----> Goldsmith ----[Jewellery]---' |
                                                          |
Quarry -------------------> Stonemason ------[Bricks]-----'

Arms and Ships

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                                  ,-> (Cannon Tower)
Market place/Warehouse -[Cannons]-:
        |         | |             '-> Castle/Fort -> (Cannoneer)
        |         | v
        |         | '-[Muskets]-> Castle/Fort -> (Musketeer)
        |         v
        |         |                         ,-> (Cavalry)
        v         '-[Swords]-> Castle/Fort -:
        |                                   '-> (Infantry)
        |
        |                                      ,-> (Small trade ship) <-.
        |                  ,-> Small shipyard -:                        :-.
        |                  |                   '-> (Small warship) <----' |
        '-[Cloth and Wood]-:                                              |
                           |                   ,-------------->-----------'
                           '-> Large shipyard -:
                                               |  ,-> (Large trade ship)
                                               '->:
                                                  '-> (Large warship)